Improvement in locks



UNITED STATES PATENT FFICEC WALTER K. MARVIN ,0F N EW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN L ocKs.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER K. MARVIN, of New York, in the county andState of New York, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements inPermutation-Locks, Applicable asBank, Safe, Drawer, and Door Locks; andI do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe'same.

This invention relates to that class of vpermutation-locks in whichrevolving tumblers, set according to various combinations of letters ornumbers on the face of a dial, are used as a means of security; and myinvention has for its object the construction of permutationlockscombining, with as few parts as possible, simplicity and economy ofconstruction and efficiency of operation, so that while possessing theadvantages and peculiar features of excellence of the most approvedlocks they are composed of less parts, may be made at lesscost, may beoperated with greater ease and rapidity, and are less liable to get outof order than any other permutation-lock I know of 5 and my inventionconsists, rst, in the method of adjusting the central disk of revolvingtumblers ot' permutation-locks in relation to the outer wheel orsurrounding flange thereof, by means of a stop actuated by aspring-lever or otherwise on the flange part, in combination with aseries of holes on the periphery of the central disk, arranged foroperation as described, so as to allow of the adjustment being effectedby a locking device acting from without on the circumference toward thecenter of the wheel, substantially els-hereinafter set forth; second, incombining with a central disk a double-anged rim, to securely andpermanently hold and conne the edge of the disk, substantially ashereinafter set forth; third, in combining with a central disk,double-anged rim, and lockingpin, under the arrangement described,orifices through the iianges of the tumblers, so that by the insertionof a wedge-pin through said orifices the locking-pin will be raised outof the hole in the central disk, thus disengaging the disk from itsiianged outer wheel and allow it to freely revolve within it,substantially as hereinafter set farth; fourth, in providing the dial ofpermutation-locks with adjustable indicators sensitive to the touch, so

that, the letters or numbers of the key being marked on the dial thelock may be opened without seeing it, substantially as hereinaft( r setforth; fifth, in the combination, with the horizontally-sliding bolt orbolt-plate and dog plate, of inclined slots in the one and studs in theother, under such an arrangement that by sliding the bolt in thehorizontal direction the dog shall be moved at right angles to the bolt,substantially as hereinafter set forth; sixth, in the combination, witha revolving tumbler fast on the spindle and provided with false notches,as described, of a dog enlarged at the part corresponding to thesaidtumbler, so that the dial shall be locked as soon as the bolt isattempted to be withdrawn.

'lo enable others to make and use my invention,'I shall now proceed todescribe its construction and operation, referring to theaccompanying'drawings, in Which- Figurel is an elevation of a lockconstructed in accordance with my invention 5 Fig.2, a vertical sectionof the same on line x y in Fig-1, Fig. 3, a vertical section on line y zin Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 a rear view of the dial.

In the said drawings, A is the lock case or frame, which is here shownto be of a quadrangular form, but which may be of any other suitable orconvenient shape. This frame and lock is closed in the rear by means ot'a backplate, B, and the whole lock is applied to the door of a safe ordrawer with the open side against the back of the door or facing therecess provided for the purpose of inclosing the lock. Within this frameis secured, by means of countersunk screws c, a transverse brace, C,provided with a hole, through which passes the spindle D which supportsthe revolving.

tumblers E. The spindle is made oftwo parts, which are united by meansof a dowel or pin, b, on the one .fitting the socket on the (ther, thelatter being fastened in the back plate of the lock. The forward end ofthe spindle carries the dial F, the knob G, and one of the tumblers, allof which are rigidly secured to the spindle, so that the movement of thelatter is necessarily transmitted to the dial and the tumbler referredto. The other tumblers are hung in such manner that they shall freelyrevolve on the spindle, yet have sutlicient friction in a vertical senseto remain stationary when set. Lateral friction between the tumblers isprevented by means of washers interthe center, so that on maintainingthe revolution ot' the tumblers the studs will come successively incontact with each other and cause the tumblers to partake of the generalrevo-- lution. In this and other particulars the lock is or may be likeother permutation locks.

The tumblers individually are composed of three main parts, to wit:First, a central disk, H, provided with a series of holes arrangedradially upon the periphery thereof; second, an outer wheel, I,consisting of a ring exten nally fitting the central disk, and providedwith an upper and lower tlange; third, an annular disk, J, correspondingto the anges of the outer wheel, and which, being secured to the saidouter wheel by means of rivets or otherwise, holds and incluses thecentral disk and constitutes a second Harige thereof. To the flan ge ofthe outer wheel is attached a lever or spring, K, terminating into apin, which passes through an orifice, L, in the ring, and enters one ot'the holes in the periphery of the central disk, if properly adjusted inrelation to the outer wheel. In the flange there is a hole, M, throughwhich a wedge-pin `may be inserted for the purpose of raising the leverout of the orice in the central disk, and thus to disengage the centraldisk from the wheel. This mode of scouring the inner lto the outer wheelis very important, since it allows of the adjustment of these two partsby a device having positive action, and without necessitating thedismemberment of the lock. It will be understood that by inserting awedge-pin from the rear through the holes in the ilangts thelocking-pins will be raised, whereby the central disks are made free torevolve and capable of adjustment within the outer wheels. The doubleflange on the revolving tumblers imparts to the tumblers additionalstrength, which renders the destruction ot' the lock by ordinary power,or power that can be applied within the limits of resistance of thelever that moves the bolt, an impossibility. The dial is recessed in therear, having within the recessed portion hands N, mounted upon thespindle. I use as many hands as there are tumbler's, and I provide theirouter ends with pins O, which are allowed to project through aperturesin the dial corresponding to each letter or figure thereof. The handsare elastic, so that they may readily yield to outside pressureon thepins, or to enable them to be withdrawn fA om their orifices in the rearfor the-purpose of setting them onto-other oriiices. The object of thisdevice is to allow of the opening of the lock in the dark.

,The letters constituting the key are previously marked by allowing thepins to protrude through the corresponding holes. With the aid of thefixed or stationary indicator or pointer P the relative position of theletters on the dial can be readily ascertained by the touch, and thedial may be turned by means of the knob until the several lettersconstituting the key are brought in their proper order opposite thepointer. Instead of the pins any other device of a similar character maybe used, each of the pins bearing a distinctive mark producing adifferent sensation, so that the particular letter thereby indicated canbe readily detected withoutseeing it. The let# ters on the dial may,however, be in relief, so that even blind persons may use a combinationor permutation lock. The bolt in this case is shown to movesimultaneously with the dog, which locks and unlocks the tumblers by thefollowing very simplel device: The bolt Q isattached to a bolt-plate R',which is made to slide on guides or blocks by means of an independentlever, S, located within orwithout the lock-case. From this bolt-plateproslots W on the dog-plate V. This dog-plate is confined to move atlright angles to the bolt by means of a stationary guideblock, W, fast inthe back plate of the lock case. It will be seen that on moving the boltback or forth the studs traveling within the slot in aline parallel withthe motion of the bolt will necessarily raise the dog-plate, and,consequently, the dog X, into the notches of the tumblers if they beplaced in position to receive them. The d`og responding to the falsenotches ot' the last wheel, which I prefer to fasten to the spindle,

last tumbler, and thus lock the dial and prevent experimenting orfeeling for the position ofthe tumblers, if that be possible.

Having thus described my invention and the manner in which the same isor may-be carried into effect, I claiml. The method of adjusting thecentral'diskV` of revolving tumblers ot' permutation-locks -in relationto the outer Wheel or surrounding flange thereof by means of a stopactuated by a spring-lever or otherwise on the ilangepart,

eration as described, so as to allow of the ady herein set forth.

2. In combination with a central disk, a doubleflanged rim to securelyand perma-y nently hold and confine the edge ot' the disk, substantiallyas set forth.

3. 1n combination with acentral disk, doublethe locking-pin will beraised out lof thehole in the central disk, thus disengage the'diskvject two studs, T, which pass through inclined proper is somewhatenlarged at the part corso that if it be attempted to move the'bolttheHdog will immediately rise into a notch on the in combination with aseries ot' holes on thel periphery of the central disk, arranged for`opl justinent being effected by a locking deviceacting from without onthe circumference ftoward the center of the wheel, substantial-Iyar:v

flanged rim, aid locking-pin under the-an" rangement described, oriicesvthrough the" anges of the tumblers, so that by the/inlr sertion of awedge-pin through said orifices notches7 as described, a dog enlarged atthe part corresponding to the said tumbler, so that the dial shall belocked as soon as the bolt is attempted to be Withdrawn.

In testimony WhereofI have signed my name to this specication before twosubscribing witnesses.

WALTER K. MARVIN. Witnesses A. PoLLoK,

J oI-IN S. HoLLlNGsHEAD.

